A new version of the augmented self-scaling memoryless BFGS quasi-Newton update,  proposed in [Appl. Numer. Math. 167,  187--201,  (2021)],  is suggested for unconstrained optimization problems. To use the corresponding scaled parameter,  the clustering of the eigenvalues of the approximate Hessian matrix about one point is applied with three approaches. The first and second approaches are based on the trace and the determinant of the matrix. The third approach is based on minimizing the measure function. The sufficient descent property is guaranteed for uniformly convex functions,  and the global convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved both for the uniformly convex and general nonlinear objective functions,  separately. Numerical experiments on a set of test functions of the CUTEr collection show that the proposed method is robust. In addition,  the proposed algorithm is effectively applied to the salt and pepper noise elimination problem.

Nonlinear programming problems belong to the realm of commonly used optimization problems. In most cases, the objective function of such problems is non-convex. However, to guarantee global convergence in the algorithms proposed based on Newton's method to solve these problems, a convexity condition is generally required. Meanwhile, the quasi-Newton techniques are more popular because they use an approximation of the Hessian matrix or its inverse. However, in these algorithms, only gradient information is used to approximate this matrix. One of the most applicable quasi-Newton algorithms in solving nonlinear programming problems is the BFGS method. This paper presents a new idea for a linear search in the BFGS method. It proves that using this technique will lead to global convergence for general problems without the need for any additional conditions. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated numerically.

Using Taylor's series we propose a modified secant relation to get a more accurate approximation of the second curvature of the objective function. Then, based on this modified secant relation we present a new BFGS method for solving unconstrained optimization problems. The proposed method make use of both gradient and func-tion values while the usual secant relation uses only gradient values. Under appropriate conditions, we show that the proposed method is globally convergent without needing convexity assumption on the objective function. Comparative results show computational efficiency of the proposed method in the sense of the Dolan-More performance profiles.

Learning and teaching chemistry is often considered difficult due to its complex, intangible and abstract concepts. One of the ways to facilitate this is the use of educational technologies in teaching chemistry. augmented reality technology is an interactive experience of a real environment that allows for increased understanding of complex concepts at most educational levels. Despite the many researches conducted inside the country on the application of augmented reality in education, no systematic study was found that focuses on the application of this technology in chemistry education. The current research is a systematic literature review in order to investigate widely used devices, advantages and challenges of using augmented reality in chemistry education. Among the results, the concepts related to molecular structures were among the subjects in which augmented reality was used the most in teaching and learning, and the benefits of using this technology are concentrated in the field of emotional learning. Smartphones and tablets were the dominant devices in the use of this technology in classrooms. Also, according to the results of the studied research, suggestions were made to support the active use of this technology in chemistry education.

The purpose of this study was the effect of augmented reality and augmented reality technology teaching on creative thinking and learning motivation of female high school students in Bandar-e-Turkmen city. The statistical population of the study consists of female high school students in Bandar-e-Turkmen city in the 2020 academic year. From the statistical population, 60 students were selected by available sampling method and were completely randomly divided into two groups: 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. Data collection tools included the standard Welch (2002) Creative Thinking Questionnaire and Kashif et al.'s (2013) Learning Motivation Questionnaire. The intervention tools also included teaching through augmented reality technology and a combination of 8 sessions of 60 minutes that were used for experimental science, work and technology courses (junior high school). Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS software. Findings showed: augmented and augmented reality technology education on learning motivation and its components including learning facilities, family support and participation, peer influence, students' personality and creative thinking of first year female high school students in Bandar-e-Turkmen city It is positive and meaningful.

Background: augmented reality (AR) is a digital layer in the physical environment, which adds virtual elements to the real world. Academic libraries must meet certain criteria to enter fourth-generation libraries, one of which is the use of new technologies. The aim of this study was to investigate academic librarians' views on the application of components of AR technology in the libraries of medical universities. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey study. The statistical population of the study included all librarians working at medical science universities in Iran. The sample size comprised 183 librarians who participated in the present research study. Quantitative research approach and research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Internal validity of the questionnaire was assessed through CVI and reliability was assessed, using ICC (validity within and between assessors). The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of 10 experts in the field of information science and AR technology and its reliability was obtained with Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient of 0. 96 and test-retest method. Using the online questionnaire, the librarians' perspective data on the components of familiarity, facilities, application, advantages, opportunities and limitations were collected in the form of 5 Likert questions. Data analysis with SPSS software was used through independent t-test, ANOVA and Tukey to evaluate the status of AR technology components. Results: The general attitude of librarians towards the components of application, facilities, advantages, opportunities and limitations of AR technology was on the scale of five Likert options with an average total score of 3. 75. 0. 05. Overall, 73. 65% of librarians agreed with AR technology and 86. 99% agreed with its use component in the libraries of medical universities. The results of the Tukey test showed that more graduate students than those with doctoral degrees agreed with the component of facilities available in university libraries to launch AR. Librarians older than 50 years considered the AR component in library management and assistance to librarians to be more effective than those under 30 years of age (P <0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the most important components for the use of AR technology in the libraries of medical universities to strengthen user education included the existence of appropriate content, usefulness, providing diverse services, user guidance, location and the opportunity to implement AR on a larger scale. The librarians' attitudes toward launching AR technology were favorable and they agreed with its applicability.

ABS TRACT: augmented reality (AR) builds better participation for placemaking by focusing on real time features, communication, and direct information flow between project stakeholders. This study attempts to access to specification of the augmented Reality System for Placemaking (ARSP) model and make the research a basis for a profitable e-business model. By investigating AR and placemaking, this research seeks to build an augmented reality system specification of the information flow and communication for projects takeholders' management. This paper explores the potential for using AR technology in interior design by three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) and faç, ade placemaking by 2D textures of brick material. The system consists of a qualitative proof of concept (POC) model, a prototype model, and a minimum vital product (MVP) model to study to compel quantitative research. The ARSPPOC model, prototype model, and MVP model are programmed by building an information modeling (BIM) system, Revit and Unity software, and different software development kits (SDKs) as an application for Android devices. Seventy-four experts tested the MVP model in the Delphi method and observed, interviewed, and filled out a questionnaire. The research shows that the contributions of this study to the body of knowledge are twofold. Firs t, this study extends the understanding of AR applications in placemaking. Second, this study identifies possible improvements using AR systems in design, procurement, and construction.